Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder that affects women of reproductive age. But many women don’t even realize they have it because the symptoms can be subtle, or they can get misdiagnosed for years. If you’ve been struggling with things like irregular periods, acne, weight gain, or hair growth in places you don’t want, you might have PCOS. Understanding the condition is the first step toward managing it, and in this article, we’ll break down the key information every woman should know such as:
- What is Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome?
- What causes PCOS?
- How is PCOS diagnosed?
- What are the symptoms?
- What are the myths around PCOS?
- Can lifestyle changes help manage it?
- Are there any mental health considerations with PCOS?
- Is there a cure?
What Exactly Is PCOS?
Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a hormonal condition where the ovaries produce too many male hormones (like testosterone), which can interfere with normal ovarian function. This imbalance affects everything from your periods to your skin, hair, and even your ability to conceive.
Common Symptoms of PCOS:
- Irregular Periods: If your periods are longer than 35 days, or if you go several months without one, you may be dealing with anovulation (not ovulating).
- Excessive Hair Growth (Hirsutism): You might notice dark, coarse hair growing on your face, chest, or abdomen. This is due to high testosterone levels.
- Acne and Oily Skin: Increased androgens (male hormones) can cause acne, especially on the lower half of your face.
- Polycystic Ovaries: Your ovaries might appear enlarged and contain many small cysts. This can be confirmed through an ultrasound.
How Do You Know If You Have It?
Diagnosing PCOS usually involves a combination of a physical exam, ultrasound, and blood tests to check hormone levels. Your doctor will look for at least two of the following symptoms:
- Irregular periods
- High androgen levels (visible symptoms like acne or hair growth)
- Polycystic ovaries seen on an ultrasound
It’s important to remember that PCOS is a diagnosis of exclusion. This means your doctor will rule out other conditions that might cause similar symptoms, such as thyroid issues or adrenal problems.
What Causes PCOS?
PCOS is believed to be caused by a mix of genetic and environmental factors. While there’s no single cause, common risk factors include:
- Genetics: If your mother or sister had PCOS, you’re more likely to develop it.
- Obesity and Insulin Resistance: Insulin resistance is common in women with PCOS, which can worsen the symptoms and lead to weight gain.
- Excess Androgens: The ovaries produce too many male hormones, which affect your periods, skin, and fertility.
Managing Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome : What Are Your Options?
PCOS isn’t curable, but it is manageable. The best treatment for you depends on your symptoms and whether you’re trying to get pregnant. Here are some ways to manage PCOS:
- Lifestyle Changes: Eating a balanced diet and exercising regularly can help balance your hormones, improve insulin sensitivity, and reduce symptoms like excess hair and acne.
- Medications*:
- Birth Control: Birth control pills can help regulate your periods and control acne and hirsutism.
- Metformin: This medication helps improve insulin resistance and can also aid in managing blood sugar levels.
- Fertility Medications: If you’re trying to conceive, medications like Clomid or Letrozole can stimulate ovulation.
- Emotional Support: PCOS can be frustrating and emotionally challenging, especially if you’re struggling with fertility or other symptoms. Seeking support from a counselor or support groups can help you navigate the mental health side of things.
*This is not medical advice. please always consult a healthcare professional.
Myths vs. Facts
When it comes to polycystic ovarian syndrome, there are a lot of misconceptions floating around. Let’s clear some of them up!
| Myth | Fact |
| PCOS is just about having cysts on your ovaries. | PCOS is much more than just cysts—it involves hormone imbalances, irregular periods, and often insulin resistance. |
| polycystic ovarian syndrome means you can’t get pregnant. | While it can cause fertility problems, many women with PCOS can still get pregnant with the right treatment. |
| It only affects your ovaries. | PCOS can affect multiple aspects of your health, including your metabolism, heart health, mental health, and even your skin. |
| You must be overweight to have PCOS. | While obesity is common in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome, you can have the condition even if you’re at a healthy weight. |
| PCOS symptoms go away with age. | Some women may experience a decrease in symptoms as they age, but for many, PCOS persists into adulthood and menopause. |
| It can’t be managed. | With lifestyle changes and medication, most women can manage their symptoms and lead healthy, fulfilling lives. |
PCOS and Your Health: What Are the Risks?
PCOS can increase the risk of several health problems, so it’s important to keep an eye on your overall health:
- Infertility: Many women with PCOS have difficulty ovulating, which can lead to infertility. However, treatment options can help.
- Metabolic Issues: Women with polycystic ovarian syndrome are more likely to develop insulin resistance, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and heart disease.
- Mental Health: Women with PCOS have higher rates of depression, anxiety, and other mood disorders.
- Endometrial Cancer: Due to irregular periods, the lining of the uterus can become too thick, increasing the risk of cancer.
What Can You Do to Improve Your Health?
The most important step in managing PCOS is working with your healthcare provider to develop a personalized treatment plan. Here are some proactive steps you can take:
- Exercise regularly to help manage insulin resistance and reduce stress.
- Eat a balanced diet with a focus on whole grains, lean proteins, healthy fats, and plenty of fruits and veggies.
- Monitor your mental health—if you’re feeling overwhelmed or down, talk to a counselor.
- Get regular screenings for things like diabetes, high blood pressure, and cholesterol to keep an eye on any potential complications.
Wrapping up
Living with polycystic ovarian syndrome can be challenging, but you’re not alone. With the right support, treatment, and lifestyle changes, you can manage your symptoms and lead a healthy, happy life. If you suspect you have PCOS, don’t hesitate to reach out to your doctor for guidance. Early diagnosis and treatment are key to managing the condition and reducing the risk of complications in the future.
Rasquin LI, Anastasopoulou C, Mayrin JV. Polycystic Ovarian Disease. [Updated 2022 Nov 15]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459251/
